How to Make Colored Sparklers

How to Make Colored Sparklers Sparklers are small handheld fireworks that give off fiery sparks rather than explode. Sparklers consist of a thin metal or wooden stick coated with a simple pyrotechnic mixture. Colored sparklers really are as easy to make as regular sparklers. The difference lies in the oxidizer that is used. Youre basically replicating a flame test, except in reverse since you know the colors to expect from various metal ions. Potassium nitrate or saltpeter will impart a violet color. Barium nitrate burns green. Strontium nitrate burns red. Aside from ordering from a chemical supply store, you can find strontium nitrate in emergency flares and potassium nitrate at some garden supply stores (or you can make it yourself). You can mix in other metal salts from the flame test or colored fire list, but only go for one color. If you try to mix colors, youll likely wind up with a basic golden sparkler. There are several recipes for colored sparklers. Here are some examples. Ingredients are listed in terms of parts by weight, so you can use milligrams or grams or ounces... whatever works for you. Red Sparklers 5 parts strontium nitrate1 part shellac Dip iron wires or wooden sticks in the mixture and allow it to dry completely before use. Be sure to leave enough room on the stick so that you can hold the sparkler safely. Green Sparklers 300 parts potassium chlorate60 parts barium nitrate60 parts aluminum fines, flitter, or granules2 parts charcoal10% dextrin in water solution Dip the wires or sticks in a mixture made from the dry ingredients with just enough dextrin solution to make a thick slurry. Dry the sparklers before use. Another option for a green sparkler is to substitute boric acid or borax for the barium nitrate. Purple Sparklers 14 parts potassium nitrate3 parts powdered sulfur3 parts powdered charcoal2 parts aluminum flitter (for sparks)10% dextrin in water Dip the sticks in a mixture made from the dry ingredients with enough dextrin solution to make a slurry. Note the human eye is not very sensitive to the color violet. The purple color is easily overwhelmed by the color that may be produced by any chemical contaminant in the mixture. If the sparkler appears yellow instead of purple, it means sodium is present. Salt is the most likely culprit. Substitutions in Sparkler Recipes By examining these recipes, you can see aluminum flitter may be added to make sparks in any sparkler. Fine particles of other metals also produce sparks. Titanium makes white sparks while iron filings produce golden sparks. Dextrin is a common binder and fuel in sparkler recipes. If it is unavailable, sugar or starch may be used. Other colors of sparklers are also possible. For example, using a copper salt will produce a blue or a green flame, depending on the oxidation state of the copper. The default color of a sparkler is yellow or gold, but the color may be brightened and enhanced by adding a small amount of table salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) to the mixture. Adding the tiniest amount of salt to a red sparkler can produce an orange flame. Calcium salts can also produce the orange color. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

3 Prominent Themes Found in William Shakespeares Othello

3 Prominent Themes Found in William Shakespeares Othello In Shakespeares Othello, themes are essential to the working of the play. The text is a rich tapestry of plot, character, poetry, and theme – elements which come together to form one of the Bards most engaging tragedies. Othello  Theme 1: Race Shakespeare’s Othello is a Moor, a black man - indeed, one of the first black heroes in English literature. The play deals with interracial marriage. Others have a problem with it, but Othello and Desdemona are happily in love. Othello holds an important position of power and influence. He has been accepted into Venetian society based on his bravery as a soldier. Iago uses Othello’s race to ridicule and belittle him, at one point calling him â€Å"thick lips†. Othello’s insecurities surrounding his race ultimately lead to his belief that Desdemona is having an affair. As a black man, he doesn’t feel he is worthy of his wife’s attention or that he has been embraced by Venetian society. Indeed, Brabanzio is unhappy about his daughter’s choice of suitor, due to his race. He is quite happy to have Othello regale stories of bravery to him but when it comes to his daughter, Othello is not good enough. Brabanzio is convinced that Othello has used trickery to get Desdemona to marry him: â€Å"O thou damned thief, where hast thou stowed my daughter? Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her, For I’ll refer me to all things of sense, If she in chains of magic were not bound, Whether a maid so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The wealthy curled darlings of our nation, Would ever have t’incur a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou†Brabanzio: Act 1 Scene 3. Othello’s race is an issue for Iago and Brabanzio but, as an audience, we are rooting for Othello, Shakespeare’s celebration of Othello as a black man is ahead of its time, the play encourages the audience to side with him and take against the white man who is mocking him just because of his race. Othello Theme 2: Jealousy The story of Othello is propelled by feelings of intense jealousy. All of the action and consequences that unfold are the result of jealousy. Iago is jealous of Cassio’s appointment as lieutenant over him, he also believes that Othello has had an affair with Emilia, his wife, and harbors plans for revenge on him as a result. Iago also appears to be envious of Othello’s standing in Venetian society; despite his race, he has been celebrated and accepted in society. Desdemona’s acceptance of Othello as a worthy husband demonstrates this and this acceptance is due to Othello’s valor as a soldier, Iago is envious of Othello’s position. Roderigo is jealous of Othello because he is in love with Desdemona. Roderigo is essential to the plot, his actions act as a catalyst in the narrative. It is Roderigo who goads Cassio into the fight which loses him his job, Roderigo attempts to kill Cassio so that Desdemona stays in Cyprus and eventually Roderigo exposes Iago. Iago convinces Othello, erroneously, that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. Othello reluctantly believes Iago but is finally convinced of his wife’s betrayal. So much so that he kills her. Jealousy leads to Othello’s degradation and ultimate downfall. Othello Theme 3: Duplicity â€Å"Certain, men should be what they seem†Othello: Act 3, Scene 3 Unfortunately for Othello, the man who he trusts in the play, Iago, is not what he seems he is scheming, duplicitous and has a deep malevolent loathing for his master. Othello is made to believe that Cassio and Desdemona are the duplicitous ones. This mistake of judgment leads to his downfall. Othello is prepared to believe Iago over his own wife because of his faith in his servant’s honesty; â€Å"This fellow’s of exceeding honesty† (Othello, Act 3 Scene 3). He doesn’t see any reason why Iago might double cross him. Iago’s treatment of Roderigo is also duplicitous, treating him as a friend or at least a comrade with a common goal, only to kill him in order to cover up his own guilt. Fortunately, Roderigo was savvier to Iago’s duplicity than he knew, hence the letters exposing him. Emilia could be accused of duplicity in exposing her own husband. However, this endears her to the audience and demonstrates her honesty in that she has discovered her husband’s wrongdoings and is so outraged that she exposes him.

A)Show that, compared to perfect competition, monopolies reduce output Essay

A)Show that, compared to perfect competition, monopolies reduce output and increase price. Does this mean that monopolies are always against the public interest - Essay Example It looks for a price on the market demand curve that will maximize its profits- both in the short run and the long run. Unlike the perfect competition, the monopolists marginal revenue from each unit is not constant (Samuelson, 2010). The table below shows that the demand increases as the price decreases-the basic downward sloping demand curve. However, the marginal revenue decreases as each unit of output is increased. Therefore, the monopolist raises the price and restricts output to maximize its returns (Samuelson, 2010). Similarly, the monopolist will produce the number of units when its marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. This signifies that the there will be always be more demand than there will be supply to maximize the profits. (Samuelson, 2010) Monopolies act against the public interest at large because they are productively inefficient, cause a welfare loss and earn exorbitant profits. Similarly, they control the price as well as the output to a certain extent; thereby injuring the public at large. However, there are arguments that monopolies help achieve economies of scale and help reduce per unit cost and maintain a high level of innovation to keep the demand curve stable. (Snook, 2013) Snook, A. Is the Existence of Monopoly Against the Public Interest. Retrieved from http://www.courseworkbank.info/courseworkbank.info.php?f=R0NFIEEgLSBMZXZlbC9FY29ub21pY3MvSXMgdGhlIGV4aXN0ZW5jZSBvZiBhIG1vbm9wb2x5IGFnYWluc3QgVGhlIHB1YmxpYyBpbnRlcmVzdC5wZGY on March 24,

Hitler's Pope Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hitler's Pope - Essay Example John Cornwell made one of the first attempts to look deeper into the role which Catholic religious leaders played in the development and expansion of Nazism in Europe. His book about Eugenio Pacelli, the Catholic Pope during the World War II, was too sensational to be untrue. The author relied on the primary documents, to reveal the astonishing truth about the Pope, his attitudes toward Jews, and his role in the development of diplomatic ties between Nazi Germany and other European allies. Despite a wealth of historic information provided by Cornwell, his personal â€Å"negative† attitudes toward the Pope were too obvious to conceal and often compromised the need to be historically objective and unbiased. That the topic of Catholic religion during the times of Nazism had always been underresearched pushed John Cornwell to explore the subject in greater detail. His book was the product of his own analysis and the growing interest toward the issues of papacy in Nazi Germany. Cornwell acknowledged that in his book, he wanted to resolve the eternal conflict of beliefs about the Pope: â€Å"some historians were confident that Eugenio Pacelli shamed the Catholic Church by failing to denounce the Final Solution; others believed that the issue lacked historical evidence and proofs†.1 The topic was increasingly interesting to everyone who sought to feel the information void in the contemporary research about religion during the times of Nazism. Pope Eugenio Pacelli was an exemplary object of historical research, due to the significant role he played in church during the World War II and the number of mysteries that surrounded his personality during and after his religious triumph. The popularity of the Pope’s figure was difficult to underestimate – Cornwell wrote that his picture had been looking at him at every wall of every classroom.2 What else could a professional historian need to produce a sensation? – only an access to the secret documents

The programming and document

The programming and document 1. Introduction: The main intention of the assignment is to carry out the programming and document the automation of a Bytronic associated with Industrial Control Trainer using an Allen-Bradley Micrologix 1000 PLC. It includes Analysing the mechanical system, sensors and actuators. Establishing the control requirements. High-level design of the PLC program using the Sequential Function Chart (Grafcet) notation. Implementation of the program in ladder logic form using RSLogix 500 software. Program testing. Critical assessment of the completed program adjacent to the stated requirements. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a programmable electronic device that is used in the industrial automation systems in order to examine the system inputs and responses the behaviour of program to manage the output devices based upon the sequence and logic provided to the system. Approximately in all manufacturing line, electronics and electrical shops and as well as in some type of the mechanicals; this process is greatly enhanced. PLC is mainly used in industries and machineries. For general purpose, the PLC is mainly designed for the multiple inputs and responses the arrangements of output. But in real-time PLC, the output must be produced within a restricted time for the given input conditions. The main benefits of the PLC are: Communication possibilities. Flexibilities. Reliability Realization of complex control algorithms. System is very simple. Special devices are available. The main functionality of the PLC is to include sequential relay control, statistical discipline that deals with the algorithms and mechanism for controlling the output of a process and distributed control systems. History Of PLCs: In the need of the American automotive manufacturing industry, the PLC was invented. Initially the programmable controllers were adopted by the automated industry. When production models changed, the software revision has been replaced by re-wiring hard-wired control panel. The first programmable logic controllers were designed and developed by Modicon as a relay re-placer for GM and Landis. Later the PLCs were designed to replace the relay logic systems after that the PLC were programmed in ladder logic which strongly resembles in relay logic. Modern PLC, in Variety ways the programmed can be altered from ladder logic to more traditional languages like C and BASIC. While reducing the cabinet space that housed the logic, the new system severely increased the functionality of the controls. The first PLC, model 084, was invented by Dick Morley in 1969. The first commercial successful PLC, the 184, was introduced in 1973 and was designed by Michael Greenberg. Interior Structure Of PLC: Programmable Logic Controller is a microprocessor based device that mainly consists of CPU, I/O devices and memory. Additionally it is also connected to the program reader, memory unit and programming and printer. Perform housekeeping activities like communications through RS-232, internal diagnostics etc. Perform the control instructions contained in the users programs. This program is stored in ‘ROM/EPROM which is non-volatile memory (data/program cannot be lost when the power has lost). Communicate with other devices like I/O devices, network, programming devices. The main difference between the PLCs and other microprocessor based devices are; PLCs are designed rough for the industrial settings and secured for improving the electric noise immunity and they are modular. 2. System Description: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a programmable device that hub too many manufacturing industries processes. The internal structure of the PLC is similar to many parts of the systems and embedded controllers. The PLC depends upon the types of systems i.e. small, medium and large and depending on that the component of the system is built in the distributed unit. The microprocessor based unit is equipment used for controlling and tracking the manufacturing processes. The main advantage of the PLC is easy to design and modify the control process and also the programming languages were adopted. Microprocessor is the main part of the PLC which acts as a vice-versa in the systems. The commands and the instructions from the users program depend on the microprocessor to results system. PLC consists of microprocessor, memory integrated unit and it also consists of storage and reclaim the data from the memory unit. The PLC also includes the communication ports, so that it can transfer the data from system to the PLC and to other terminal devices. In real-time world, it has a capability to control the processes. The main position of the processor is to examine the number of inputs and results the responses from the system. RAM is a Random Access Memory which is a volatile memory (i.e. when the power has lost the data will be lost). This type of RAM is not used in the system and it may causes some battery back up in slot. The CMOSRAM (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor RAM) is used for storage memory and ladder logic diagram. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) is also a non-volatile memory and this type of memory is used for the storage of large amount of data. The other electric devices are used for the storage of small amount of data. It is used to back up the major program in the CMOSRAM processor. ROM (Read Only Memory) is also a non- volatile memory. It can only read the program and the program cannot be modified. It is mainly used to distribute firmware and it does not require an external power supply. Input Module: There are several types of input devices to be taken such as pushbuttons, thumb switches and some other devices etc. And some other DC inputs devices like electronic card access, thumbprint, etc are used for the application to access the input module. But in most of the industrial sector system are provided with the essential noisy and electric isolation between the processor and the module. In majority of industrial systems, the processor for the input module takes from 8 to 32 input bits. For each and every input bit the address will be allocated according to the processor instructions. Output Module: The output module can be used for both the device (AC or DC) such as solenoids, relays, contractors and LED readouts. The result depends upon the input module to which the connection has been made through the ports or terminals. The connection towards the input and output devices may vary according to the power supply as well as load. For an analog device, the special type of output device is used to convert from a digital to analog. Whereas for the digital, the special type of output device is used to convert from analog to digital. For analog output device, the results are stored in 12 bit file and convert it to analog signal. The signal may vary from 0 to -10v for DC. Communications: The most commonly used for communication port is RS-232 9-pin connector. In PLC, RS-232 is an in built communication protocol to communicate within the peripheral interfaces and other terminal devices. In todays world, the wide range of communication link in some of the PLC is RS-485 which can access more speed. For peer to peer communication, the larger I/O devices are used in PLC program. There are different methods to communicate between a PLC and a programmer or even with two different PLC. In PLC, the application programs are written in personal computer and downloaded to the system (PC) using the plug in cable to the programming port of the PLC. This communication can be forwarded through the RS-232 or RS-485. The communication between two PLC can be conceded by the keen links supplied through the RS-232. Operation Of PLC: The operation of the all PLCs is followed in four steps continuously takes place in rotationally. The four basic steps followed by the PLC are Input Scan Program Scan Output scan Housekeeping. The below figure shows the operation of the PLC: 1) Input Scan: It detects all the state of inputs that are connected to the PLC. 2) Program Scan: Examine the program logic created by the user to execute. 3) Output Scan: All the output devices that are connected to the PLC can be energizes or de-energizes. 4) Housekeeping: This step is used to communicate with the peripherals, programming terminals and other devices etc. PLC Diagram Description: In PLC the programs are fabricated based upon the ‘gates simultaneously with the inputs, timers, counters, outputs, internal memory bits, analog inputs, comparators, analog output etc. Inputs: The physical connections that are connected to the PLC are switches, pushbuttons, sensors and anything which acts like a switch or signal to the state of ON and OFF position. The voltages that accept to some of the devices are 24V DC and some may not; it may vary. The switch when it is in ON state, then status of the device bit is ‘1 and when it goes to OFF state the status of the device bit is ‘0. Output: The result that appears from the input devices is the communication between the PLC and other terminals. They are used to control the solenoids, sensors, and connectors etc to on and off position. In the PLC, there are 8 sensors and 5 actuators were used. The result from each sensor response the actuators and other sensors to perform the task. These eight sensors has different task they are 1) Sensor1: It detects the presence of peg in the upper sort area. 2) Sensor2: It detects the components in front of the solenoid at the upper sort area of the ring chute. 3) Sensor3: It detects the presence of ring in assembly area. 4) Sensor4: It is used to commence assembling. 5) Sensor5: It is used to terminate the assembling. 6) Sensor6: It is used to detect the complete assemblies. 7) Sensor7: It is used to detect the components at the lower sort area. 8) Sensor8: It is used to detect the components and assemblies near the reject area solenoid. The purpose of 5 actuator which are used in PLC area are 1) Actuator1: It drives the upper chain conveyor motor. 2) Actuator2: It drives the lower chain conveyor motor. 3) Actuator3: It knocks the ring in the ring chute. 4) Actuator4: It releases the ring into the assembly area. 5) Actuator5: It rejects the unassembled components. Relay: A relay is a switch which is operated on the electromagnetic. Counters: when a pre-assigned count value is reached, the digital counters are in the form of relay contact. Timers: Timer consists of internal clock, a count value register and an accumulator which is used to count the time. 3. Requirements: The requirements for the PLC diagram are Ladder diagram Structure text programming Instruction list Functional block programming Sequential functional chart. Requirements Constraints: During the operation, Conveyor belts should be kept moving. When sensor 1 senses it, the actuator 3 should knock only the ring. Overloading of rings should be collected in the surplus rings box. The ring should not enter the peg chute or vice versa. The peg chute and the ring chute should be kept clean for the peg and the ring to slide in to that. By the actuator 5, Unassembled components should be knocked down Constraints Actuator should not knock the ring when there are more than 5 rings in the chute if there are more rings 5 rings then the progress will be blocked. The area between the actuator 4 and the sensor 3 should be clear for the next peg to occupy the space. Only if the peg moves past the ring the assembly will be over. If there are more than 5 rings in the ring chute, the actuator 3 cannot knock. 4. Program Design: The graphical representation of the logic essential in relay logic is a ladder diagram. The ladder diagram instruction consists of relays, timers and counters, program control, data transfer, arithmetic operation and data manipulations. In order to create programmable controller program, the ladder diagram language is used. The control logic can be obtained by reducing the ladder instructions symbols. The main objective of the ladder diagram is to control the outputs based on the input circumstances. Based on the simple logic, the ladder rungs can be reduced and also the controlling rungs are based on the logic. The ladder instructions consist of some symbols to perform the program. The symbols to be used in the programming and instruction set are basic relay type contacts and coil symbols. The representation of the coil symbol is used at the output and whereas the representation of the contact symbol is used at the conditions in orders to control the output. For each and every contact and coil, an address number will be referred. Function Block Programming: In this function block, the instruction for the programming is very complex for the users program such as data transfer, shift register instruction and so on. And these are also basic building blocks for the control systems. Sequential Function Chart: There are some steps to follow the sequential function chart program symbols, they are Start block Initial block Step block Transition OR path AND path There are three basic standard rules to be followed by the chart 1) The first step is to active the program at the start block and the programming have an option of restarting the device. 2) After the completion of the steps one by one, the transition state will be tested and the action will be continued until the transition is in true state. 3) Once the transition is in true state, the processor scans the steps once again to rearrange all timer instructions and executes the next step. The processor scans starts the sequential function chart from left to right side and if chart is encountered then it examines the ladder logic from left side to right side. Grafcet is a graphical function chart programming language. This language was adopted by telemechanique into the programmable control language and this language is used for the sequence behaviour of the program. Each step represents the state of system to be controlled and the horizontal bar represents the conditions to perform the accomplishment. 6. Explanation Of Program: Stage1: 0000 If flag1 (B3:1/1) is set to ON state and input sensor 4 is ON (I:0/18) but the input sensor 5 (I:0/19) is set to OFF state then LATCH (Enable) the flag2 and UNLATCH the flag1. 0001 If flag 2 (B3:1/2) is set to ON state then ENABLE both the output actuator 1 which is a lower conveyor motor (o:0/3) and the output actuator 2 which is a upper conveyor motor (o:0/4). 0002 If flag 2 is ENABLE and the input sensor 5 (I:0/19) is set to ON state then LATCH the flag1 and UNLATCH the flag 2. Stage 2: 0003 If flag 3 (B3:2/1) is set to ON state and the input sensor 2 (I:0/1) is ON state and input sensor 1 (I:0/4) is set to OFF state and the counter C5 is less than five then LATCH the flag 4 (B3:2/2) and UNLATCH the flag 3 (B3:2/1). 0004 If the flag 4 (B3:2/2) is set to ON state then enables the timer 1 to 0.01 and preset value to 50 and ENABLES the output actuator 3 (o:0/0). 0005 If the flag 4 is set to ON state and the timer 1 is decrementing then UNLATCH the flag 4 and LATCH the flag 5 (B3:2/3). 0006 If the flag 5 (B3:2/3) is set to ON state and then set the timer 2 (T4:1) to 0.01 second and preset value to 20 seconds. 0007 If the flag 5 is set to ON state and the timer 2 (T4:1) is enable and then LATCH the flag 6 and UNLATCH the flag 5. 0008 If the flag 6 (B3:2/4) is set to ON state and then set the counter to up C5:0 and preset value to 5. 0009 If the flag 6 is set to ON state and counter up is enabled then LATCH flag 3 and UNLATCH flag 6. Stage 3: 0010 If the flag 7 (B3:3/1) is set to ON state and the input sensor 3 (I:0/0) is set to OFF state and then C5:0.ACC source A 0011 If the flag 8 (B3:3/2) is set to ON state and timer 3 (T4:2) is set to base as 0.01 and preset value to 50 and ENABLES the output actuator 4 (o:0/1). 0012 If the flag 8 is set to ON state and the timer 3 (T4:2) is decreasing and then LATCH the flag 9 and UNLATCH the flag8. 0013 If the flag 9 (B3:3/3) is set to ON state and then set the counter down by 1. 0014 If the flag 9 is set to ON state and the input sensor 3 (I:0/0) is set to OFF state then LATCH the flag 10 and UNLATCH the flag 9. 0015 If the flag 10 (B3:3/4) is set to ON state and the input sensor 9 (I:0/5) is set to ON state then LATCH the flag 7 and UNLATCH the flag 10. Stage 4: 0016 If the flag 11 (B3:4/1) is set to ON state and the input sensor 6 (I:0/6) is set to ON state and then LATCH flag 12 and UNLATCH flag 11. 0017 If the flag 12 (B3:4/2) is set to ON state and the input sensor 8 (I:0/2) is set to ON state then UNLATCH the flag 12 and LATCH the flag 13. 0018 If the flag 13 (B3:4/3) is set to ON state and the input sensor 8 (I:0/2) is set to OFF state then LATCH the flag 11 and UNLATCH the flag 13. 0019 If the flag 11 (B3:4/1) is set to ON state and the input sensor 8 (I:0/2) is set to ON state then UNLATCH the flag 11 and LATCH the flag 14. 0020 If the flag 14 (B3:4/4) is set to ON state and then ENABLE the output actuator 5 (o:0/2). 0021 If the flag 14 is set to ON state and the input sensor 8 (I:0/2) is set to OFF state and then LATCH the flag 11 and UNLATCH the flag 14. 0022 END 7. The Rejection Component: In PLC, the unassembled components are rejected by the sensor 8 (I:0/2). The problem in which the unassembled components are rejected due to the delay in the actuator 4 or the peg which comes from the peg chute initially but not the ring or the assembled components which comes from the sensor 3 moves a bit distance at which the sensor 6 cannot detects the component then the rejection of the component could be taken by the sensor 8. And also there must be delay in the actuator 3 in order to push the rings in to the chute. These are the reasons for the rejection of the assembled and unassembled components. 8. Testing: There are four tests to check whether the PLC is working under conditions or not. The first test is to check whether the sensor one is detecting the peg or not and the actuator 3 is knocking the ring into the chute through the detection of sensor 2. The second test is whether the actuator 4 is holding the ring in the ring chute for some delay of time and allowing only the rings through detection of sensor 2. The third test is to check the whether the sensor 6 is detecting the assembled components at the lower sort area. The fourth test is to check the actuator 5 at the solenoid in order to reject the unassembled components. 9. Discussion: In modern control systems, the mechanical and electrical parts are used to design the machinery. In most of the control systems, there is a relay in the circuits, programming controllers and some other special devices are used. There are several ways to select the PLC. The most important in selecting the PLC is the processor. The cost of the system is very cheap and it is reliable and flexible. In PLC the user program cannot be analyzed. The main benefit of the Programmable controllers is the flexibility. The effectiveness of the use of the PLC is the software controller in which the PC software solution that relates devices via communications protocols. The main focus is based on the programming languages. These languages are built with the logic of the various instruction set. The following are the methods for selecting the PLC are 1) Maximum number of inputs and outputs is allowed. (Digital, analogue, inputs, outputs). 2) Layout of sensors and actuators. ( peripherals) 3) Nature of solution.( New or existing) 4) Special signals and modules. (high speed digital outputs) 5) Processor properties. (program and data memory) 6) Working conditions. (temperature, humidity, dust) 7) Communications. (ASCII) 8) Specialities of program. (special functions) The limitations of the PLC are 1) To store a large amount of data, the program controllers are not capable with sufficient memory. 2) The temporal network which is traceable by hardly overloads can cause the issue in automation system communication. Conclusion: The solution that set the industrial standard is the Allen-Bradley Micrologic 1000PLC. For the digital I/O, the micrologic 1000PLC are available in 10-points,16-points and 32-points and whereas fort the analogue I/O, the micrologic 1000PLC are available in 20-points digital I/O, with 4 analog inputs and 1 analog output. The successfully method for the Allen-Bradley manufactures-lower costs, flexibility, high quality and fast start ups. This control method has been successfully invented by the PLC program. The major parts of the PLC are sensors, solenoids and actuators. These sensors and actuators will acts as a vital role in the PLC. The pegs and the rings that come on the upper sort and lower sort area can be detected through the sensors. Thus, by placing the sensors and actuators in the suitable place, the rings and pegs can reach the destination successfully. The program is tested and thus the results is achieved successfully without any errors.

Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw Essay

Ambition is a strong desire to do or achieve a goal. The extent of such ambition is easily influenced by other inner factors, such as gullibility because it allows the mind to believe in things that will bring them closer to their ambitious goals. In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth, the protagonist Macbeth, is a representation of such gullibility. Macbeth allows his gullibility to overwhelm him in certain situations that appeal to his ambition. However, the increasing levels of his gullibility throughout the play would lead him to his own isolation and downfall. For instance, by meeting the witches and listening to their prophecy, he slowly begins to believe the prophecy which affects his decision-making in the future. In addition, the influence Lady Macbeth has over Macbeth allows her to manipulate him to believing her plan for murder. Furthermore, by believing in the apparitions’ three messages, Macbeth essentially greets his end at the door by having a false sense of security. As a result, Macbeth, who was once a hero, slumped down to become a murderous and tyrant king. However, Macbeth is not at fault for his unfortunate transformation. Macbeth’s tragic flaw is his ambition, which is heavily influenced by his gullibility because it eventually exploits enough of his ambition that causes his isolation and downfall. Macbeth’s gradual isolation is caused by his gullibility exploiting his ambition from his initial encounter with the three witches and their prophecy. The prophecy is the root of Macbeth’s isolation and downfall as the witches predict that Macbeth is the Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland. As the witches vanish, the two exchange dialogue with each other, â€Å"Your children shall be kings./ You shall be king./ And Thane of Cawdor too. Went it not so?† (1.3.89-91). Though Macbeth and Banquo both took it lightly as the claims held no evidence to back them up, the encounter ultimately implanted the idea of Macbeth becoming king in the future. By having the idea of this ambition within him, it leads into the next situation where his ambition begins to bloom. Ross and Angus arrive and greet Macbeth as the Thane of Cawdor. While Macbeth is astonished, Banquo warns him that such messages, â€Å"tell us truths,/ Win us with honest trifles, to betray ‘s./ In deepest consequence.† (1.3.134-138). On the other hand, Macbeth completely disregards Banquo’s warnings and displays his gullibility as he continues to  mumble to himself about the prophecy holding true. But, he is foolish to do so as he bases his accusation off of the statement, â€Å"Two truths are told† (1.3.140). Afterwards, his ambition is revealed as he strives to be king. As a result, both his gullibility and ambition intertwine and start his path to isolation and downfall. Eventually, Macbeth becomes king after a series of events, and he fulfills a part of the prophecy. By letting his ambition engulf himself, his ambition soon becomes the desire to secure power. As his gullibility grew, so did his ambition. He believes in the second part of the prophecy of Banquo having sons who will be kings by declaring Banquo as a threat to his power and orders his murder. This action solidifies the idea that Macbeth’s ambition strengthens his gullibility towards the prophecy as he desires to maintain his power. By believing that Banquo is a threat, he eliminates him to prevent any threat to his ambitious goal of securing power. This only continued to grow throughout the play after several murders of â€Å"threats† until his eventual demise. As a result, by hearing the witches’ prophecy, it allows his gullibility to exploit his ambition that w ill influence his future actions leading to his isolation and downfall. Macbeth spiraled further toward his downfall as he was foolish to allow Lady Macbeth to pick on his ambition, leading to his gullibility of the plan to kill Duncan. Macbeth’s flaw of being gullible allows Lady Macbeth to bombard him with accusations and comments that changes Macbeth’s original decision to not kill Duncan. To be more specific, the first thing Lady Macbeth addresses before Macbeth falters in the end is his inconsistency and cowardice. She states that he is inconsistent because he mentioned how hopeful he was when he heard of the prophecy, but then he concedes from chasing after his ambition. By attacking him personally by saying that he is a coward for, â€Å"Letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would’,† (1.7.48-49), she instigates Macbeth into defending himself and making him more susceptible to persuasion. Instead of holding his ground on the decision of not killing Duncan, he slowly loses his ground as continues to be attacked. This easily leads into Lady Macbeth’s next tactic of attacking Macbeth’s manhood because Macbeth lived in a chivalrous society where men were symbols of manhood. By attacking Macbeth’s manhood, she is implying that Macbeth has become a lesser man. Furthermore, she adds on, â€Å"And to be more than you were, you would/ Be so much more the man.† (1.7.57-58). She implies that by murdering Duncan, he will become a greater man. This sets the stage for Lady Macbeth’s final tactic before Macbeth succumbs to her persuasiveness. To fully persuade Macbeth, Lady Macbeth exclaims to Macbeth of how effortless the plan of killing Duncan is. By doing this, she continues to appeal to Macbeth’s ambition of becoming king and how he can easily obtain the throne. His gullibility takes over as he eventually gives in and goes on with the plan. Therefore, though Macbeth was stern on not killing Duncan, Lady Macbeth persuades him through his gullibility and ambition to kill Duncan, which adds on to his downfall. Macbeth’s actions after his encounter with the three summoned apparitions exposes his gullibility and ambition as they influence Macbeth to put the final stake in his own downfall. During his second visit to the witches, they summoned three apparitions, each representing something that would prove significant later on. Macbeth’s gullibility shines when he believes in the three apparitions with no questions asked. At first, he was told by the first apparition to be wary of Macduff. Since Macbeth assumed that this meant Macduff was a threat to his overflowing ambition, he believed in their message and decided to send murderers to Macduff’s castle and eliminate the household. Macbeth, again, solidifies his image of a tyrant king by resorting to murders to take care of threats to his ambitious goal, further propelling him towards his downfall. The second message was that, â€Å"none of woman born/ Shall harm Macbeth† (4.1.91-92). Macbeth started flaunting that his castle would be able to fend off a siege from the English forces led by Malcolm. However, most of his soldiers left and joined the other side of the forces because of his obsession with power. This indicates that he was slowly becoming more isolated as soldiers continuously left. Furthermore, his inevitable end was soon to come as he met face-to-face with Macdu ff. While believing the first two messages, Macbeth became reluctant to fight Macduff because Macbeth’s, â€Å"soul is too much charge† with killing Macduff’s family. But, the second apparition’s message was misinterpreted as Macduff was not born of woman. This resulted in Macbeth being scared, displaying that his gullibility in the messages proved false and threatened his ambitious goals.. Next, the final message was that, â€Å"Macbeth shall never vanquished be until/ Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill/ Shall come against him.† (4.1.105-108). By believing in the third apparition’s message, he ignored all the reports of enemies near his castle. However, that message was misinterpreted, as so did the others, as the trees were â€Å"moving† towards the castle. As a result, by assuming literally that the trees themselves could not move, he had let his castle be surrounded by the English force, ultimately losing everything. Therefore, in believing the messages from the apparitions, Macbeth’s ambition fed his gullibility, leading him to turn a blind eye on situations which normally would be looked upon. All of which led to his demise. Due to Macbeth’s trait of gullibility, it exposed his ambition multiple times throughout the play, causing him to take actions that would amplify his isolation and downfall. By meeting the witches and listening to their prophecy, Macbeth had begun his spiral downwards by letting his ambition consume him and killing Banquo. In addition, by giving into Lady Macbeth’s persuasiveness, his transformation from a respected nobleman to a murderer adde d onto his isolation. Lastly, by listening to the apparitions’ messages, Macbeth induced a false sense of security for himself which led him to eventual demise. In the end, Macbeth’s isolation and inevitable downfall was brought upon by his own gullibility and ambition.

Essay about Character Analysis Blanche Dubois - 2108 Words

Tennessee Williams was a well known Modern English playwright. He was born in Columbus, Mississippi and moved to St. Louis, then to Memphis, and later graduated from the University of Iowa in 1983. Williams began to turn his short stories into plays and later on into films. His wildest audiences were in contemporary dramatic literature. Williams’s plays have been produced in England, France, Hally, Germany, Greece, Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Poland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Cuba and Mexico. One of William’s most intriguing plays is Streetcar named Desire. Streetcar was produced around 1947. The â€Å"setting of Streetcar† is a combination of raw realism and deliberate fantasy† (Riddel 16). The main character of the play is Ms.†¦show more content†¦She had many ways to gussy up, Blanche always needed compliments and admiration to get throughout the day. Stella exclaims â€Å"and admire her dress and tell her she’s looking wonder ful. That’s important with Blanche† (Williams 33). In the dimness preferred â€Å"she smells sweet and appears on the outside† (Clough n.p.). Blanche owned pieces of clothing that seem to be expensive but really were just cheap pieces of clothing. Not so promising to Stanley, â€Å"look at these furs that she comes here to preen herself in! Whats this here? A solid gold dress, I believe! And this one! What is these here? Fox pieces! Genuine fox fur-pieces, a half a mile long† (Williams 35). Blanche also had what was assumed to be expensive jewelry collection but was just simple costume jewelry. â€Å"And diamonds! A crown for an impress!† (Williams 36). â€Å"She perceives herself as a beautiful object which has to be properly decorated in order to sell well† (Oklopcic n.p.). Even with a great outer appearance Blanche was still ugly on the inside and she knew this. She hated looking at herself in the mirror or being in front of Mitch without being properly dressed. Blanche portrayed herself as having manners, she expected men to stand at her appearance and grant her withShow MoreRelatedBlanche Dubois Character Analysis767 Words   |  4 PagesBlanche portrays herself as a refined and sophisticated woman, but when you get further into the story you realize that she’s neither of those things. Blanche pretends to be innocent and good while she has a very arresting past. Implying unhappy sexual relationships, alcohol abuse, and death, which she wants to hide from others. Blanche likes to seek approval from everyone she meets because it makes her feel wanted and loved. But, she feels complete loneliness even when she’s surrounded by othersRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Blanche Dubois And Stanley Kowalski s Performance1442 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter is how a person acts when no one else is looking. As a person is portrayed and perceived they are better understood when unveiling the true personality of an individual rather than their false persona. Both Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski s performance vary and differ depending on the situation and the person of interaction. Blanches fluctuating performance and actions can be found countless times in the book A Street Car Named Desire. To analyze this personality aspect, BlancheRead More Character Analysis of Blanche DuBois in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire2156 Words   |  9 PagesCharacter Analysis of Blanche Through Text and Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams was once quoted as saying Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama...the purest language of plays (Adler 30). This is clearly evident in A Streetcar Named Desire, one of Williamss many plays. 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The story is of a fragile and neurotic woman on a desperate need for someplace in the world to call her own. Blanche DuBois, after being exiled from her hometown of Laurel, Mississippi, for seducing a seventeen-year-old boy at the school where she taught English, Blanche explains her unexpected appearanceRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams928 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper: A Streetcar Named Desire For my analysis paper, I have chosen the full-length play by Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire. The drama containing several forms of realism was released in December of 1947 and stayed open on Broadway for two years until December of 1949. The play in set in New Orleans, Louisiana in a simi-poor area, but has a certain amount of charm that goes along with it. 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It first published in 1947 and takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana. In this play, Williams presents women as powerless, weak, and passive characters who are tightly linked to their persecutors due to economic, social, and physical needs. During the time period of Tennessee Williams, author of theRead MoreMany Elements of Tragedy in Streetcar Names Desire by Tennessee Williams2554 Words   |  11 Pagesliteracy criticism/ analysis paper is to demonstrate how the critic used literary devices such as character, setting, theme, and imagery to critique the authors work. The Critic Henthorne claims that the character Blanche DuBois often played a victim in the play. She is a protagonist in the play A Streetcar Named Desire. She described her as a prostitute in the little town in which she was brought up and that the love of her life was devoted to coarseness. Blanche DuBois is a character capable of inspiring